Task 1: The graph below shows different sources of air pollutants in the UK from 1990 to 2005.
The line graph illustrates the amount of air pollutant from various sources in the UK measured in million tonnes over a period of fifteen years starting from 1990. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the UK became less polluted over time as all types of pollutants showed declines, except those from transport. Industrial activities were responsible for the majority of the country’s pollution.
Most of the UK’s pollution originated from industrial sources, accounting for 5.5 million tonnes, a figure significantly higher than the amount of pollution emitted from transport and households, which both stood at slightly below 1 million tonnes. From 1990 to 1996, industry and households’ statistics witnessed downward trends, with the former falling more considerably to 3 million tonnes and the latter to 0.5 million tonnes. Over the following 9 years, pollution from factories continued to gradually decline, ending at a figure of precisely 2 million tonnes, whereas that from households slightly worsened in 1999, rising to 0.8 million tonnes, before falling to a mere 0.1 million tonnes in the last year in question.
Concerning the total amount of air pollutants, this figure was at its highest level in 1990, constituting approximately 7.2 million tonnes. Over the next six years, the level of pollution dipped substantially to around 4.5 million tonnes prior to a steady decrease to finish the period at 3 million tonnes.
Words: 236
illustrates : minh họa, thể hiện
amount of : lượng, khối lượng
air pollutant : chất gây ô nhiễm không khí
various sources : các nguồn khác nhau
measured in : được đo bằng
over a period of : trong khoảng thời gian
readily apparent : rõ ràng, dễ thấy
polluted : bị ô nhiễm
declines : sự giảm sút
industrial activities : hoạt động công nghiệp
responsible for : chịu trách nhiệm cho
the majority of : phần lớn, đa số
originated from : bắt nguồn từ
accounting for : chiếm (một phần, một tỷ lệ)
significantly higher than : cao hơn đáng kể so với
emitted from : thải ra từ
stood at : đạt mức
witnessed downward trends : chứng kiến xu hướng giảm
considerably : đáng kể
gradually decline : giảm dần
precisely : chính xác
worsened : trở nên tệ hơn
a mere : chỉ, vỏn vẹn
in question : được đề cập
constituting : chiếm, cấu thành
approximately : xấp xỉ, khoảng
dipped substantially : giảm mạnh
prior to : trước khi
steady decrease : sự giảm đều